CXCL1 and prostate cancer: Elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines such as IL-8 (interleukin-8), CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 1), CCL2 (Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1), and CXCL5 have been associated with increased growth and progression of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer [5–9].