APP and Alzheimer disease: A most recent study found significantly less mitophagy events in AD hippocampus and in human neurons generated from iPS cells from AD patients bearing APP mutation or two copies of ApoE4 and pinpoint the impaired orchestration of mitophagy at earlier steps of initiation in AD due to decreased levels of activated mitophagic proteins, such as p-TBK1 and p-ULK1 [215].