The present results revealed the presence of astrogliosis and microgliosis in the rat hippocampi 15 days after Aβ(1–42) challenge, detected as increased immunofluorescent cells labeled with GFAP and Iba1, respectively, in line with both clinical and preclinical reports documenting the presence of glial activation and neuroinflammation in the prodromal phase of AD [27,28,30,91,92,93]. Here, AIF1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.