Several chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL12, CX3CL1) and chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR5, CXCR4, CX3CR1) were found to be elevated in kidneys of diabetic mice/rats and in renal biopsies from DN patients [104,105]. This evidence concerns the gene CCR2 and liver dysplastic nodule.