ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, molecular diagnoses for mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) and for the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangements have opened new therapeutic opportunities for EGFR-positive solid tumors and ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, respectively; however, despite the recent attempts to discover novel targets from the uncharacterized genes of human genome, there are still over 43% cancer patients for whom no biomarkers or targeted therapies are available [2].