Compared to their untreated counterparts, Citicoline-treated AMD RPE cells showed increased gene expression of: HMOX1 gene by 76.6 % (AMD Untreated: 1 ± 0.1267, AMD Citicoline-treated: 1.766 ± 0.28; p= 0.0379, n=8) (Figure 4B) and HMOX2 gene by 20.4 % (AMD Untreated: 1 ± 0.0214, AMD Citicoline-treated: 1.204 ± 0.020; p=0.0286, n=4) (Figure 4C). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and age-related macular degeneration.