VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration: Compared to their untreated counterparts, Citicoline-treated AMD RPE cybrid cells showed decreased gene expression of: HIF-1a gene by 34 % (AMD Untreated: 1 ± 0.123, AMD Citicoline-treated: 0.66 ± 0.041; p=0.01, n=7) (Figure 5A) and VEGF gene by 32.8 % (AMD Untreated: 1 ± 0.069, AMD Citicoline-treated: 0.672 ± 0.077; p=0.015, n=6) (Figure 5B).