Oncolytic viruses preferentially infect or replicate in tumor cells.56 Downstream anti-tumor effects include (1) inducing tumor cell lysis via intracellular proliferation, (2) releasing cytokines and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that enhance CD8+ T cell activation, and (3) NK cell-mediated innate immune responses.56 Effects are seen not only locally, but increased CD8+ and tumor-specific CD4+ cells have been reported at distant sites.57 The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.