CD274 and cancer: NF-κB pathway activated by TNF-α induced CSN5 expression to stabilize PD-L1 expression in cancer cells.35 Palmitoylation of PD-L1 at C272 by DHHC3 blocked mono-ubiquitination of PD-L1 and the subsequent ESCRT-mediated trafficking to multivesicular bodies (MVB), resulting in suppression of PD-L1 lysosomal degradation.36