TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Accordingly, TNFα blockers, such as infliximab and adalimumab, have been successfully used for the treatment of several immune-mediated disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases and ankylosing spondylitis.48,49 Hence, anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies are likely to attenuate inflammatory processes occurring in COVID-19, reducing the release of other inflammatory-exacerbating mediators.