MMP9 and colorectal cancer: Other studies conducted on defatted seeds of evening primrose (O. paradoxa), rich in proanthocyanidins, indicate the reduction of breast tumor invasiveness and anti-angiogenic activity by the decreased expression levels of angiogenic VEGF and through the reduction of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) activity [67], and having anti-metastatic effects on colorectal cancer [68].