Although the involvement of thiamine in central glucose metabolism is important for malignant cells, both up- and down-regulation of the expression of cellular thiamine and ThDP transporters occur in different types of cancers [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], and up-regulation of thiamine diphosphokinase takes place only in cancer cells under hypoxic conditions [28]. The gene discussed is TPK1; the disease is cancer.