HPSE and cancer: Although we did not evaluate whether PNH can modulate other pathways in cancer, where GAG treatment has shown positive outcomes, such as E-cadherin up-regulation and HGF, heparanase and galectin-3 inhibition, its structural resemblance with other HSs/HEPs allows us to speculate that PNH could exert pharmacological effects in different events of the metastatic cascade and might act as anti-metastatic agent in a synergistic manner [22,33,34,35,36].