ATG16L1 and infection: However, impaired expression of CD-associated genes ATG16L1 or IRGM in THP-1 macrophages and NOD2 in NOD2−/− murine peritoneal macrophages led to an increased AIEC intracellular replication and to the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α upon AIEC LF82 infection [120].