In a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, Ciullo and colleagues [126] showed that the systemic administration of exosomes (genetically engineered to overexpress CXCR4–ExoCXCR4) derived from CXCR4-overexpressing (a transmembrane receptor—CD184) CPCs improve heart function. Here, CXCR4 is linked to ischemia reperfusion injury.