In particular, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are observed in type 2 diabetes [3] and the DN is associated with an imbalance pro-oxidant/antioxidant and, in particular, with an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes (manganese superoxide dismutase-MnSOD, glutathione peroxidase-GPx, and catalase-CAT) [8]. The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.