It is well-demonstrated that NOX is composed of four major subunits—a plasma membrane gp91 phox subunit and a smaller p22-phox subunit; cytosolic p47-phox and p67-phox subunits; data in literature show a pivotal role of both p22-phox and p47-phox during the development of diabetes [15]. The gene discussed is NCF1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.