Because the alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways are the most frequently found and play a major role of tumorigenesis and progression in thyroid cancer [15], we analyzed the proportion of alterations in genes involved in these pathways compared to total non-silent mutations (Figure 1G,H). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CB and thyroid cancer.