CTLA4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Moreover, Tregs are also implicated in expression of various other regulatory cytokines, chemokines and chemicals: TGF-β and IL-15 cause suppression of T-cell proliferation; CTLA-4, which binds with CD80/86 on T cells to dampen their functioning; Granzyme B leads to apoptosis of effector T cells; epidermal growth factors mediate proliferation of epithelial cells and extracellular matrix; downregulating of NK group 2 member D expression and dampening of NK cell activity; and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 assisted migration of Tregs to HCC nodules [110,111].