The characteristics of index phenotypes include poor antigen-presenting capability, expression of a distinctive set of cytokines like IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL22 and CCL 24), which suppress anti-tumour immune response to facilitate tumour growth, invasion and metastasis [67,68]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.