Cumulatively, the reports outlined above with the Osc–/Osc−mice and, subsequently, a conditional knockout strain (Ocn-flox) made by the same investigative team [8] coupled with associated work [13–20], suggest that therapies which increase uncarboxylated osteocalcin levels may improve glucose intolerance, increase beta islet cell number, reduce insulin resistance, increase testosterone, improve male fertility, enhance muscle mass, and reduce declines in cognition. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is Glucose intolerance.