Multivariate regression analysis showed that postoperative low albumin (p = 0.044), tumor close to the anus (p = 0.004), diabetes (p = 0.003), perioperative blood transfusion (p < 0.001), diarrhea (p = 0.005), later tumor stage, and high PG-SGA score (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for AL after rectal cancer surgery. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and neoplasm.