In addition, glutamate dehydrogenase 1- (GDH1-) produced α-KG directly binds to and activates I-kappaB kinase beta (IKKβ) and NF-κB signaling, which promotes glucose uptake and tumor cell survival by upregulating glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) [55]. Here, IKBKB is linked to neoplasm.