AKT1 and cancer: [21–23] It has also been reported that activated Akt could activate NF-κB by phosphorylating IκB in various cancer cells, so the suppressive effect of IH on the PI3K/Akt pathway may contribute to the inhibitory effect of NF-κB. [24, 25] Normally, NF-κB exists in the cytoplasm in a form of inactive heterodimer containing p50 and p65 subunits which bound to an inhibitory monomer IκB. When stimulators activate IκB kinase (IKK), IκB is phosphorylated and degraded; thereby, NF-κB releases from IκB complex, then translocates to the nucleus, and enhances the expression of a variety of genes.