STAT1 and infection: Although the MVA-delivered NP induced humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice, the immune responses could not protect animals from lethal challenge infection.102 A replication-competent recombinant VSV encoding the CCHFV GPC gene of the IbAr 10200 CCHFV strain yielded 100% protection in a STAT-1−/− mouse model following single intraperitoneal immunization, while a replication-deficient VSV construct did not confer protection from intraperitoneally administered lethal virus challenge116 (Table 1).