Based on the affected cell type, these disorders can be divided into three subtypes: neuropathies (neuronal defects) that seem to hold true for CHD8/chd8, Slc6a4 and Nlgn3 [7, 12, 13, 14], myopathies (smooth muscle cell defects), or mesenchymopathies (ICC defects as seen for Nos1 [8, 9]) (Table 1). The gene discussed is CHD8; the disease is neuropathy.