Specifically, NHOPI harbored substantially worse PCa characteristics at diagnosis, than their Asian or Caucasian counterparts evidenced by highest rates of PSA over 20 ng/ml (18.4 [NHOPI] vs. 14.8 [Asian] vs. 10.2% [Caucasian]), highest rates of Gleason score ≥ 8 (24.9 vs. 22.1, vs. 15.9%), highest rates of stage-T3/T4 at diagnosis (5.5 vs. 4.2 vs. 3.5%), highest rates of stage N1 at diagnosis (4.4 vs. 2.8, vs. 2.7%) and highest rates of stage M1 at diagnosis (8.3 vs. 4.9 vs. 3.9%). Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.