IL10 and infection: Although the induction of Treg might be beneficial to Echinococcus from the very beginning of the infection, we herein mostly focused on E/S products of the metacestode since we previously showed that E/S products of Echinococcus primary cells, which functionally resemble the oncosphere-metacestode transition state (6), did not induce Treg conversion (6) and failed to trigger IL-10 release by T-cells (7).