KL and renal fibrosis: Shasha Yin et al., in a mouse model of UUO, demonstrated that TGF-β can inhibit Klotho expression by epigenetic mechanisms leading to progression to renal fibrosis; TGF-β induces aberrant expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a through inhibiting miR-152 and miR-30a, subsequently leading to Klotho promoter hypermethylation and Klotho protein suppression (205).