HCRT and sleep-wake disorder: Orexin/hypocretin neurons were found to be the underlying cause of the sleep/wake disorder, narcolepsy (Chemelli et al., 1999; Peyron et al., 2000; Thannickal et al., 2000), strongly implicating orexin/hypocretin neurons in cortical state changes and arousal (de Lecea, 2015).