The CD8+ T-cells of CLL patients were found to be enriched in antigen-experienced effector memory and effector cells [6–9, 11, 14, 43, 49, 70, 73–75] and were shown to express markers of T-cell activation such as HLA-DR and CD69 more strongly than cells of healthy individuals [6, 42, 49]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.