PC is the most common cancer among men in Europe, with approximately 190 000 new cases and about 80 000 deaths every year.1–4 A commonly used method for early detection of PC is the PSA test, although this method has limited accuracy.5,6 This results in failure to detect genuinely aggressive disease at an early stage, as well as overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent cancers that would not give rise to symptoms in the patient’s normal lifespan if left undetected. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.