Unexpectedly, TDP-43 was found to directly interact with the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) in CNS samples from ALS individuals (Swarup et al., 2011b) and also from cases with mild cognitive impairment with episodic memory deficits (Ohta et al., 2014). Here, RELA is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.