NFKB1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Unexpectedly, TDP-43 was found to directly interact with the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) in CNS samples from ALS individuals (Swarup et al., 2011b) and also from cases with mild cognitive impairment with episodic memory deficits (Ohta et al., 2014).