PIK3CA and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Indeed, several additional genetic alterations were also frequent in ccRCC, such as somatic mutation of chromatin remodeling genes including PBRM1, SETD2 and BAP1 (38%, 13% and 11% of cases, respectively), mutation of PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway genes (occurring in 16% of patients) comprising PTEN, MTOR and PIK3CA, loss of CDKN2A, and mutation of TP53 (16.2% and 2.6%, of subjects, respectively) [16].