Enzalutamide (4) and apalutamide (5) were discovered by the interdisciplinary collaboration of Sawyers/Jung groups, which was motivated by the notion that “growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer appears to depend upon continued androgen receptor signaling,” facilitated by the in vitro AR-overexpressing prostate cancer cell models, and benefited from a complementary collaboration [17]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and prostate cancer.