MTOR and Parkinson disease: In experiments involving cell models of PD, curcumin (Cur) was shown to reduce αS-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation [30], or by downregulating mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/p70S6K signaling and recovering macroautophagy [31] (Figure 1).