VCAM1 and diabetes mellitus: There were no significant differences in gender, ethnicity, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, blood pressure, BMI, serum biomarkers (NGF, MDA, TNFR-1, VCAM-1, TXB2), and safety tests (renal profile, liver function test, lipid profile) between the Tocovid and placebo groups at baseline.