DPP4 and kidney disorder: To date, there are five DPP4 inhibitors available on the European market, including sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and vildagliptin, all of which have specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, with potentially relevant implications for patients affected by liver or kidney disease, notwithstanding comparable glycemic efficacy and inhibition of DPP4 activity [11].