IL12A and cancer: On the basis of the hallmarks of cancer and KEGG pathways, these 11 genes are primarily involved in angiogenesis, resisting cell death, and sustaining proliferation; for instance, HES1 and IL12A perturb the Notch and the Jak-STAT signalling pathways, respectively, which are involved in angiogenesis in the CHRNB4-high subgroup.