PPARGC1A and neurodegenerative disease: TNF-α administration also reduces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) in myoblasts [114] and human cardiomyocytes [115] even though the effect of TNF-α on neuronal cells of various neurodegenerative diseases has not yet been reported.