The term NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) was introduced to include AQP4-IgG seropositive patients with limited forms of NMO, and at risk of future attacks, as well as patients with cerebral, diencephalic, and brainstem lesions, or coexisting autoimmune disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] or Sjögren syndrome [SS]) [109]. Here, AQP4 is linked to autoimmune disease.