Thus, future experimental efforts should be aimed at assessing whether rafoxanide is useful in increasing tumor cell susceptibility to well-established immunotherapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoints (e.g., programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4)). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.