Studies in rodent and cell culture models of PD confirm that measures which suppress microglial generation of superoxide and/or NO, promote scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals, lessen the expression or modulate the structure of ASYN to lessen its interaction with peroxynitrite, or antagonize the impact of HMGB1 on microglia, quell the damage to dopaminergic neurons [13,15,16,17]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Parkinson disease.