Delayed injection of DNase I also significantly increased the liver bacterial burden at 24 h pi (S8D Fig), indicating that intravascular aggregated NETs are critical in killing Lm. Altogether these results indicate that Lm induces Sdc1 shedding to exploit the ability of Sdc1 ectodomains to inhibit intravascular NET-mediated host defense to promote its infection. The gene discussed is SDC1; the disease is infection.