Specifically, sera from male tumour-bearing mice had higher levels of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines, including IL-6 (9.8-fold higher, Fig. 3d), LIF (3.5-fold higher, Fig. 3e), GCSF (2.7-fold, Fig. 3f), and MIP-1β (2.6-fold, Fig. 3g). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and neoplasm.