CD8A and neoplasm: If the differences noted in our model are confirmed in human data, women may be more responsive to therapies that increase T cell responses, particularly CD8+ T cell responses.22,26 Anti-PD-1 has been shown to be more effective in melanoma in patients with high CD8+ cell infiltration, the phenotype we have observed in the female TME.27 On the other hand, these differences may be highly sensitive to tumour origin and metastasis location.