In cancer, preclinical studies using IFNγ-deficient tumor bearing murine model demonstrated reduced migration of activated T cells into the tumor sites, with enhanced tumor progression.138,139 Surprisingly, a recent study in our group found a sizeable numbers of SSX-2-specific CTL clones from a cancer patient that lack any IFNγ mRNA and protein expression.140 These IFNγ− CTL clones, however, have normal production of TNFα and other cytokines. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.