HLA-E and cancer: Our group was able to establish CTA-specific CTL clones with matched TCR, but different surface expression, such as with either CD103 or CD94/NKG2a.40,108 Using the NKG2a+ and NKG2a− TCR-matched CTA-specific CTLs in a recent study, we found that exposure of CD94/NKG2a+ CTLs to HLA-E-enriched cancer cells significantly impaired the degranulation-mediated cytotoxicity and the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IFNγ and CCL-5.40 This was further demonstrated in an ex vivo approach, using freshly isolated CD94/NKG2a+ TILs from HLA-E-enriched tumor tissue.