A recent phase II clinical trial using anti-NKG2a and anti-EGFR to treat head-and-neck cancer patients showed an improved overall response rate in the majority of patients treated, further highlighting the potential of HLA-E and NKG2a as cancer immunotherapy target combination.126 However, it was unclear the mechanisms by which HLA-E and CD94/NKG2a could interfere with the antitumor CTL responses. The gene discussed is KLRD1; the disease is cancer.