It is therefore very likely that the presence of CD103 on CTA-specific CTLs and its engagement with E-cadherin on cancer cells help to either improve the rapidness of immunological synapse formation, strengthening the interaction kinetics of TCR–pMHC binding and/or activate downstream signaling that acts as a co-signal to the TCR-mediated activatory signaling. The gene discussed is ITGAE; the disease is cancer.