Coexistence of multiple checkpoints may ensure a robust response to the wide variety of chromosomal defects that can arise during the protracted length of female prophase I. The findings raise the possibility that Bax inhibitors, in addition to Puma/Noxa inhibitors24, may be of utility in premature ovarian failure treatment and fertility preservation in women undergoing cancer therapy. This evidence concerns the gene PMAIP1 and primary ovarian failure.