TNF and neoplasm: This overall conclusion was based on the findings that treatment with A. machrostachyum resulted in: 1) decrease in tumor volume; 2) increase in tissue necrosis and apoptosis (as confirmed histologically); 3) down-regulation of Bcl2 gene and protein; 4) up-regulation of p53 Bax, and caspase3 markers; 5) upregulation of Cdc2 and connexin26 genes; 6) increase in DNA damage; and 7) decrease in TNFa level in tumor tissues.