Furthermore, this study also found that the mRNA and protein levels of Col-I, Col-III, α-SMA and fibronectin in TGF-β1-treared HLFs were obviously increased, which could be alleviated by PFD and deteriorated under the action of β-catenin (P < 0.001, Fig. 3e-g). The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.