Gene ontology analysis of differentially abundant proteins upon IFNα treatment identified several biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of T1D, such as antigen processing and presentation, responses to viruses, apoptosis and NK/T-cell responses (Supplementary Fig. 4a, b); groups of genes associated to protein modification and degradation were also present (Supplementary Fig. 4a, c). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.