Next, we performed a Rank–Rank Hypergeometric Overlap (RRHO) analysis (which estimates the similarities between two ranked lists15) comparing the log2 fold-change (FC) ranked list from RNA-seqs of EndoC-βH1 cells and human islets (IFNα-treated vs untreated) against an equally ranked list of genes obtained from RNA-seq of purified primary beta cells16 from T1D and healthy individuals (Supplementary Fig. 2c and Supplementary Data 1). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.