MMP2 and posterior cortical atrophy: Lue et al. described how MAPK is upregulated by heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF)-mediated signaling, in which the HB-EGF is cut from the PCa surface by the zinc transporter, ZIP6 (LIV-1), which stimulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 upregulation in other PCa cells [11].