HMGB1 and breast adenocarcinoma: Numerous studies have recognized the upregulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway by HMGB1 in colon carcinoma [13,55], renal cell carcinoma [56], liver carcinogenesis in mice [57], gastric carcinoma [58], hepatocellular carcinoma [59], breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) [55], and alveolar basal epithelial cells adenocarcinoma (A549) cells [55].