CD8A and neoplasm: In addition to the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells, several stromal cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), Tregs, type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), act in concert in refractoriness to immunotherapy in HCC patients [6,50].